OAI@AKM = OAI@ALM [Croatian]

Melinš?ak Zlodi, Iva Melinš?ak, Martina

E-LIS eprint archive / E-LIS ( web site)
(ReLIS:oai:rclisa:579)

Abstract:

[Croatian abstract] Kad se prije pet godina govorilo o interoperabilnosti digitalnih zbirki, svi su neizostavno spominjali i z39.50. Ako pak danas razgovaramo o interoperabilnosti, obavezno ?emo spomenuti Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). To ipak ne zna?i da ?e OAI-PMH «istisnuti» Z39.50, jer svaki od njih ima svoja polja primjene koja se samo djelomi?no prklapaju. Z39.50 je vrlo sofisticirani (i zahtjevni) standard koji omogu?uje distribuirani (tzv. «broadcasting») pretraživanje. To zna?i da se informacijski upit s jednog mjesta istodobno šalje u razli?ite baze podataka. S druge strane, koncept interoperabilnosti kakvog omogu?uje OAI-PMH po?iva na mehanizmu pobiranja metapodataka. OAI-PMH dijeli svijet na davatelje podataka («data providers») i pružatelje usluga («service providers»). Davatelji podataka izlažu metapodatke o gra?i koju sdrže, a pružatelji usluga ih pobiru, organiziraju i grade na temelju njih nove usluge. Shema metapodataka koju OAI-PMH nužno zahtijeva je Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (iskazan u XML-u), ali je uporaba ostalih shema metapodataka tako?er mogu?a (i poželjna). Sam protokol je lako primjenljiv i nezahtjevan («low-barrier»). Izvorno, protokol je nastao u kontekstu reformiranja procesa znanstvene komunikcije. Trebalo je omogu?iti interoperabilnost unutar mreže eprint arhiva znanstvenih radova. Radilo se o podacima koji nisu pretraživi i dohvatljivi pomo?u postoje?ih web-pretraživa?a, ve? se nalaze skriveni u tzv. «nevidljivom webu». Proces testiranja protokola zapo?eo je 2000. godine, a sudjelovali su: OCLC, CIMI, Ex Libris, NASA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, UKOLN Resource Discovery Network, Virginia Tech, kao i nekoliko ameri?kih i britanskih sveu?ilišta. Prva verzija objavljena je 2001. godine, a druga u 2002. godini. Vrlo brzo se pokazalo da je protokol primjenljiv ne samo u kontekstu znanstvene komunikacije, ve? i u brojnim i raznolikim projektima vezanim za knjižnice, muzeje i arhive. Me?u onima koji primjenjuju protokol nalazimo danas, osim tematskih i institucijskih arhiva znanstvenih radova, i subject gateway-e, knjižni?ne OPAC-e, zbirke elektroni?kih magistarskih i doktorskih radova, izdava?e, muzejske i arhivske zbirke. Zastupljeni sadržaji mogu biti tekstualni dokumenti (cjeloviti ili sažeci), slike, video, statisti?ki podaci, softver i dr. No, iako je lista davatelja podataka koji primjenjuju protokol svakim danom sve duža, pravi test primjenljivosti i korisnosti protokola predstavlja razvoj što ve?eg broja pružatelja usluga, u svim gore spomenutim podru?jima. [English abstract] Five years ago, every discussion on interoperability issues in digital collections was at the same time the discussion on Z39.50. And if we talk about interoperability today, we will certainly mention Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). Still, it doesn't mean that OAI-PMH could «replace» 39.50, because each of those has its own area of application, and those areas only partially overlap. Z39.50 is very sophisticated (and demanding) standard which enables distributed or «broadcasting» searching. It means that information query is simultaneously sent from one place to multiple databases. On the other hand, interoperability concept which is enabled by OAI-PMH is based on metadata harvesting mechanism. OAI-PMH divides the world on «data providers» and «service providers». Data providers expose metadata about materials they contain, while service providers harvest those metadata, organize them and build new services on top of them. Metadata schema that OAI-PMH requires as obligatory is Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (coded in XML), but other metadata schemas employment is also possible (and suggested). The protocol itself is easily implemented and «low-barrier». Originally, it is born in context of reforming scholarly communication. Interoperability in the network of eprint archives needed to be established. The data that those archives contained were irretrievable via existing search engines; they were hidden inside «the deep web». testing of the protocol began in 2000, and participating institutions were: OCLC, CIMI, Ex Libris, NASA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, UKOLN Resource Discovery Network, Virginia Tech, as well as few US and UK universities. Firs version of the protocol was released in 2001, and the second in 2002. Very soon it became clear that the protocol is useful not only in the context of scholarly communication, but also in numerous and various projects in libraries, museums and archives. Among implementers of OAI-PMH we can find, besides subject based and institutional eprint archives, subject gateways, library OPACs, electronic theses and dissertations collections, publishers, museum and archives collections. Materials contained can be text (abstracts or full texts), images, video, raw data, software etc. But, although the list of data providers that have implemented the protocol is longer every day, the real test of applicability and usefulness of the protocol is development of new innovative service providers, in all above mentioned areas.

Creation: 01 Jan 2003
Keywords: L. Information technology and library technology

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